Ios and Homer

Seven ancient Greek cities traditionally laid claim togeographer Skylax, the poet Alkaios of Messene,
the honour of being Homer's birthplace. ThePliny, and Pausanias, in his Phokika. The last named
tradition is supported by an epigram, according toalso tells us that los was the birthplace of Homer's
which the seven cities in question were Smyrna,mother, Klymaine. The theory that Homer was
Chios, Kolophon, Ithake, Pylos, Argos, and Athens.buried on los stems from a rectangular marble
There is another version of it, however, accordingslab carved with an inscription, which was found
to which the seven cities were Smyrna, Rhodes,by a farmer at some unknown date at Plakotos
Kolophon, Salamis, los, Argos, and Athens.on the north coast of the island. The slab was
This second list thus includes the island of los. It isbrought to the town of los, where it was found in
also significant that all the ancient coins of los1846 by a certain Ross, in the lintel of the house
discovered so far have the head of Homer onof lakovos Spatharou. Ross also read the
one side. los claimed not only to be the birthplaceinscription, which said., "MADE BY BULOUS".
of the great poet, however, but also the placeBeneath the letters was an engraving of a
where he died and was buried. We shall see belowcockerel, the bird commonly offered in sacrifice to
how much truth there may be in this.Asklepios in the hope of a cure for illness or of
With regard to Homer's birth, there is littleescaping death. There can be no doubt that this
evidence apart from the epigram mentionedslab once stood above a grave, though it could
above to support the idea that Homer was bornnot have been asserted that this was the grave
on los. On the contrary, there is a great deal ofof Homer, had not Ross been preceded in 1771
evidence suggesting that the Homeric poemsby the Dutch officer Van Krinen, who claimed
were born on the coast of Asia Minor, and thisthat he found the slab in situ (presumably in the
militates against the idea that los was Homer'sregion of Plakotos), and that in addition to the
birthplace.inscription "MADE BY BOULOS", he saw the
Matters are different, however, when it comes tocomplete phrase quoted in the 2nd c. AD text
the question of where the poet died and wasmentioned above, which clearly refers to the
buried. There is a much evidence relating to thetomb of Homer. The Dutchman accordingly
place of his death that supports the view thatcelebrated his discovery of the tomb of Homer,
Homer died and was buried on los. A long textthough prematurely: first because the letter-forms
that was originally attributed to Herodotus, buton the slab are those of Hellenistic or Roman
which was ultimately proved to have been writtentimes, and not the Archaic period, and second
in the 2nd c. AD, states that Homer was travellingbecause there are three graves at the site, not
from Samos to Athens and was obliged toone, as the Dutch officer believed.
disembark on los, when his ship was driven offPausanias is another who speaks of the tomb of
course by the wind. The text even notes that heHomer, in his Phokika: "The people of los show
put in not at the city, but on a beach. Therethe tomb of Homer on their island, next to that
Homer died by the waves a few days later, ill andof his mother Klymaine." The tomb is also
enfeebled by his misadventure. The people of losmentioned by Pliny. None of these authors,
buried him by the coast, and inscribed his tomb ashowever, tells us where it was. The final
follows:conclusion is as follows: Homer may not have
"HERE THE EARTH COVERS THE SACRED HEADbeen born on los, but all the evidence points to his
OF MEN AND HEROES HOMER THE DIVINEhaving died and been buried on the island. With
POET"regard to the tomb, this cannot possibly be the
Another ancient author states that Homer died onheap of stones found on the hill at Plakotos, nor
a beach on los, though under different conditions.the ruins of the Hellenistic tower called the
According to this text, Homer encountered somePsaropyrgos. What is conceivable - indeed, the
fishermen, and asked them a question. Theymost likely eventuality - is that the tomb of the
replied in the form of a riddle, which he wasimmortal poet lies in the north part of the island,
unable to solve. Others who claim that Homernot far from the sea.
died on los are the historian Strabo, the